Shortly after GULF war (G.W) thousANDs of war veterans referred with sign AND symptoms of an unknown diSEAse called G.W illness. Despite multiple studies undertaken by several non-governmental AND governmental centers this illness remains unclassified AND can not be coded by international classification of diSEAse (I.C.D). The etiology has not been found AND the illness appears to be multifactorial AND basically related to use of depleted uranium (D.U) weapons, chemical warfare (C.W) AND biological agents. This article reviews this illness AND the adverse effects of D.U AND B.c.W agents in the G.W battlefields.

There are several global marine forecast systems based on large scale regional data covering Iranian SEAs which are freely available on their websites. They are also several local marine forecast systems in Iranian waters. This paper performs an inter-comparison among different marine forecasting systems in Iranian SEAs in order to evaluate the accuracy AND difference between them AND give a proper ground for further investigation AND reSEArch in this crucial issue. For this purpose, the results of two forecasting system in several points in the PERSIAN are compared AND the reason of differences are investigated.

Background AND Aim: The widespread use of antibiotics has been led to increased emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria AND high mortality AND morbidity rates due to infectious diSEAses. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important causes of nosocomial infections, which shows high resistance to a wide range of antibiotics. So, finding new AND effective antimicrobial compounds in order to overcome antibiotic resistant infectious diSEAses is so critical. Screening of native actinobacteria can be an effective strategy to find novel antimicrobial compounds. The aim of current study was isolation, screening AND identification of rare actinobacteria to find the strains which produce antimicrobial compounds against P. aeruginosa. Material AND Methods: Thirty samples of water AND sediments were collected from PERSIAN GULF AND OMAN SEA AND used for isolation of actinobacterial strains. After isolation of actinobacteria, their metabolites were extracted AND their anti-P. aeruginosa activities were investigated. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the most efficient extract was determined using broth microdilution method. Finally, the most efficient strain was identified. Ethical Considerations: In this study, all principles of biosafety AND bioethics have been considered. Findngs: Fifty actinobacteria were isolated from water AND sediments. Five isolates had considerable antimicrobial activity. MIC value of the most efficient extract against P. aeruginosa was 100 μ g/ml. Molecular analysis of 16SrRNA showed that the most effective fermentation broth extract belongs to Micromonospora AND has 99. 8% similarity to M. chalcea. Conclusion: The current study revealed that the water of southern Iran AND their sediments are promising sources of potent rare Actinobacteria in the production of antimicrobial compounds against P. aeruginosa.

SEA shells are natural-biological objects. They are embedded in geological layers in the form of fossils, but also, to find in archaeological deposits as a result of human activities. Archaeologists can use the provenance of shells in the functional analysis of ancient sites in terms of social archeology AND prehistoric trading activities. Aarcheological excavations in several sites of the Iranian Plateau have shown that from the 3rd third millennium B.C. onwards, finds of of SEA shells (e.g. Lambis, Dentalium, etc.) rapidely increased. Such shells were for instance discovered from ritual cemetery contexts such as Shahdad, Tepe Hesar, Kale Nisar cemeteries or Bani Surma. These objects are mainly used as natural or polished shells. In some cases, they served as a raw material for making all kinds of beads, buttons, AND other ornamental objects.. The main question is to understAND the relationship between the use of SEAshells AND archaeological context, AND also, their role in Bronze Age ritual life. In this article, the descriptive, analytical method has been used in the biological recognition of all types of shells. This method is also used based on similar studies on this issue in Mesopotamia's archeology of the Sumerian-Akkadian period. The distribution of recognizable species shows that these objects are concentrated in the settlements from south to southeast of Iran in the coastal strip of the PERSIAN GULF, AND from the OMAN SEA to the Zagros intermountain valleys, as well as in the northwest AND northeast of Iran. The biological origin can be placed in the northern shores of the OMAN SEA to the GULF of Kutch on the northern coast of the Indian Ocean. It seems that with the growth AND development of urbanization in Southwest Asia AND especially the development of SEA trade, oysters have been traded as valuable goods AND other prestige goods. The importance of the shell findings is more than the value of the shells themselves because they were used as sacred goods in religious affairs. Analysis of the fields where the shells were discovered is more related to cemeteries AND temples as sacred spaces. Also, the significant presence of Lambis shells for the production of specific ritual bowls, placed together with bronze axes in graves, can be seen as the reflection of a patriarchic tradition in the social-political organisiation of the third AND second millennia B.C. Despite many excavations AND the discovery of many samples of these types of shells, no furthergoing investigation on these specific objects was undertaken so far. This desideratum reveals more valuable findings in the archeology of the Iranian plateau. Therefore, one of this article's final goals is to focus more on analyzing the context of the discovery of SEAshells in future Excavation

A large area in the north of PERSIAN GULFAND SEA of OMAN have been used for nesting by a great number of SEA turtles.The reSEArches done by Food AND Agriculture Organization (F.A.0) indicate that five species of SEA turtles in the region are found as follow:1- Green turtle (Chelonia mydas)2- Loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta)3- Hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata)4- Oliveridely turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea)5- Leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea)On the assumption that the distribution of the species on the sides of PERSIAN GULF AND SEA of OMAN is not different, in the current reSEArch by concidering the same subject, their distribution is investigated on the basis of field activities AND the existance evidence .The obtained results show that more than 50 habitates in southern coast of Iran is used for grazing, mating AND nesting .It reveals that Green AND Hawksbill turtle were observed more in these regions.

The pharaoh cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis) is the most aboundant species in the PERSIAN GULF AND OMAN SEA. The stock patterns of this species were studied concerning biological AND morphological aspects. In addition to measuring the biological patterns, 20 quantitative factors were measured. The results of LSD test showed that tentacle organ is indicative factor which showes significant difference between male AND female specimen of Bushehr AND Balouchestan regions. Regarding to length AND weight frequencies data the results indicated that males are always bigger than females AND also, the cuttlefishes of the GULF of OMAN are bigger than PERSIAN GULF samples. The results of cluster analysis for both sexes showed that the cuttlefishes of both studied region belong to separate stocks. Taking into consideration the findings of present study including: (1) difference in spawning SEAson, (2) results of dendrograms, (3) observed significant differences in one-way analysis of variance (ANOV A) for morphometric measurements, (4) differences in body length AND weight, (5) as well as ecological variations of the PERSIAN GULF AND OMAN SEA, have indicated that: "the pharaoh cuttlefishes of Bushehr AND Balouchestan belong to two separate stocks.

Regarding these brief backgrounds on copyright issues in the PERSIAN GULF AND OMAN SEA Waters, 18 species have been identified. Economically important species of fish AND fishing, green tiger shrimp (penaeus semisul catus) in the PERSIAN GULF AND OMAN SEA which are found in most habitats, but most of its distribution AND fisheries ae in the waters of Bushehr. Banana shrimp (Penaeus indicus) is the second AND most commercially caught in the waters of the province. Others such as Indian white shrimp (Penaeus indicus) AND black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon), despite having a large body, due to the low abundance AND habitat limitations, cannot be economically exploited. Preliminary investigation of proliferation AND shrimp in the calendar year 1363 (1984 AD) by the Fisheries ReSEArch Institute of Iran's Bushehr was shrimp investigation center belonging to the country. Achievements of this reSEArch work introduced three important commercial species of green tiger shrimp, white Hindi AND Vanamy the aquaculture industry in the country. Production of shrimp in the country from, 54 tons in 1373 (1994AD) to 250.5 tons in 1386 (2007AD), was over. Maximum production of shrimp in the country was in 1383 (2004) to 8930 tones of the province, with 5,600 tons ( 63%). Given the diversity of shrimp with a regional vision, reproduction AND breeding species can be produced by a variety of conditions with power production of maximum -resistant, diSEAse resistant.

Double diffusive convection (DOC) is a common phenomenon which is often associated with temperature inversion (increase of T with depth) (TI) for the greater part of the world's oceans. The fact that TI with widely varying properties (thickness, intensity, AND stability) occurs quite often in the ocean AND that they are, as a rule, hydrostatically stable, has attracted special attention. Here we investigate the structure of temperature inversions in the PERSIAN GULF AND OMAN SEA. TI regions in the PERSIAN GULF is" observed in the winter time at depth of about 40 m, but are observed in the PERSIAN GULF outflow in OMAN SEA at a depth of about 250 m in summer AND winter. In the PERSIAN GULF, the diffusive regime of DOC is often observed AND the density ratio is in the range of 0.2-0.7. In OMAN SEA the finger as well as the diffusive regimes are observed with density ratio of about 0.4 TI in the PERSIAN GULF is also found to be more intensive than that of the OMAN's. TI often appear in the boundary of outgoing water of the GULF AND incoming water of open SEA, a region prone to instability (large scale) AND eddy for motion. Using a relation of ΔS= aΔT + b for TI regions, we found that a AND b are respectively 0.92, 0.34 AND 0.37, 0.04 for the PERSIAN GULF AND OMAN SEA, indicating that the flow in these regions is isopycnal in OMAN SEA but highly non isopycnal in the PERSIAN GULF. Therefore, mixing mechanisms are expected to be different in the two situations. Here the DOC fluxes have been estimated to be about 22 W/m2 for 0.5<Rp <1 AND 2 W/m2 for 0.1<Rp <0.5. These fluxes can have substantial effects on thermohaline circulation in this region AND should be considered in any modeling problems.

A three dimensional numerical model namely ROMS (Regional Ocean Modeling System) AND observational data are used to study the thermohaline front of PERSIAN GULF Outflow in the OMAN SEA. The simulation results show the formation of a thermohaline front at 80m depth in the direction of the north-east-southwest at the mouth of the OMAN SEA. The SEAsonal thermohaline front variability was also identified, during winter a heat AND salty tongue stretches from the Strait of Hormuz to the continental shelf along the south OMAN coast. During summer, it shows a current departing from the coast moving forward to the middle of the OMAN SEA. Thermohaline front is observed throughout the year, in summer as unified AND patchy in winter. Intrusion of warm AND salty water of PERSIAN GULF into the GULF of OMAN displays a local increase in salinity in the middle layers in 150-450m AND 100-400m depths in winter AND summer respectively which expresses two boundaries in the upper AND lower layers. Diffusive convection AND salt fingering can be seen in both the upper AND lower boundaries respectively. The complex ocean flow patterns are result of monsoons in the OMAN SEA area. During the winter monsoon, a single cyclonic gyre is often observed near 58◦ E AND during the Southwest monsoon in summer, a dipolar eddy near Ras al Hamra AND an anticyclone’ s gyre in 25° N are detected.